Culture of the country: Azerbaijan

Languages and Cultural Life

The official language of Azerbaijan is Azerbaijani, which belongs to the Turkic language family. Most residents also understand and speak Russian fluently.

In theaters and cinemas, performances and screenings are held in both Azerbaijani and Russian. Educational programs in public institutions, private schools, and universities are offered in Azerbaijani, Russian, and English.

In Baku, multilingual cultural venues are actively developing — hosting concerts, festivals, and exhibitions featuring international artists.

Mentality and Traditions

Azerbaijanis are known for their hospitality and deep respect for traditions. It is customary to warmly welcome guests, offer homemade food, and value family above all.

Locals combine Eastern friendliness with European pragmatism — they are modern in everyday life yet maintain respect for elders and cultural customs.

Family honor, mutual support, and respect for neighbors hold special importance. Life in big cities is more dynamic and open, while in rural regions it remains traditional and peaceful.

Holidays and Days Off

The main national holiday is Novruz Bayram (Spring Equinox, March 20–21). It symbolizes nature’s renewal and is celebrated vibrantly with folk festivities, music, sweets, and bonfires.

Other significant dates include:

• Independence Day — May 28
• Victory Day — November 8
• Republic Day — October 18

Religious holidays such as Ramazan Bayram and Qurban Bayram (according to the Islamic calendar) are also widely celebrated.

The weekend in Azerbaijan is Saturday and Sunday, although some government offices and markets operate on flexible schedules.

Religion

The main religion is Islam, practiced by about 95% of the population, predominantly Shia Muslims. However, Azerbaijan is known as one of the most secular and tolerant countries in the region — religion does not influence public life, and representatives of other faiths (Orthodox Christians, Catholics, Jews) live comfortably and freely.

Baku is home to mosques, churches, and synagogues — reflecting the country’s multicultural character.

Interesting Facts

• Azerbaijan is often called the “Land of Fire” — from the word “Azer” (fire) — due to its ancient natural gas vents that have burned for millennia.
• On a mountain near Baku, Yanardag (“Burning Mountain”) has been aflame for centuries.
• Azerbaijan was the first Muslim-majority country to grant women the right to vote (in 1918).
• The capital hosts the Formula 1 Grand Prix annually, attracting visitors from all over the world.

National Cuisine

Azerbaijani cuisine combines Eastern aromas, fresh ingredients, and rich flavors.

Among the most popular dishes are:

• Plov — the main festive dish made with saffron, meat, and dried fruits.
• Dolma — grape leaves stuffed with minced meat and rice.
• Kebab and Lagman — traditional meat dishes.
• Qutab — thin flatbreads with herbs, cheese, or meat fillings.
• Tea with jam — an essential part of every gathering.

Azerbaijani cuisine is more than just food — it’s an integral part of culture and communication: people discuss news, strengthen friendships, and even make business deals around the table.